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Anderson, David. “Studies in Illustrated Journalism: The Rise of the Comic Press”. The Magazine of Art 14 (1891): 153–57. Print.

Bailey, Peter. “Ally Sloper’s Half-Holiday: Comic Art in the 1880s”. History Workshop Journal 16 (autumn 1983): 4–31. Print.

Baker, W. Howard (ed.). Tiger Tim’s Own Comic Collection. London: Howard Baker. 1977. Print.

Banville, Scott. “Ally Sloper’s Half-Holiday: The Geography of Class in Late-Victorian Britain”. Victorian Periodicals Review 41.2 (2008): 150–73. Print.

Barker, Martin: Comics: Ideology, Power and the Critics. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 1989. Print.

Batchelor, Tim; Lewisohn, Cedar and Myrone, Martin. Rude Britannia: British Comic Art. Catalogue of an exhibition held at Tate Britain. London: Tate. 2010. Print.

[Bell, R. S. Warren]. “Tom Browne and his Pictures”. The Captain 1 (April–September 1899): 226–37. Print.

Bell, R. S. Warren. “Tom Browne, Artist and Man”. The Strand Magazine 39 (1910): 650–57. Print.

Bergengren, Ralph. “The Humor of the Colored Supplement”. The Atlantic Monthly 98 (August 1906): 269–73. Print.

Bernstein, Susan David and Michie, Elsie B. (eds.). Victorian Vulgarity: Taste in Verbal and Visual Culture. Farnham: Ashgate. 2009. Print.

Bryant, Mark and Heneage, Simon. Dictionary of British Cartoonists and Caricaturists 1730–1980. London: Scolar Press. 1994. Print.

Burder, Claude Vernon. Hell on Earth: My Life in the Trenches 1914–1918. Ed. John Burder. [London]: Big Ben Books. 2010. Print.

Burgess, Gelett. “London’s Ha’Penny Comics”. The Bookman (New York) 14.4 (December 1901): 392–96. Print.

Cadogan, Mary (ed.). The Nostalgia Collection: Casey Court! London: Hawk Books. 1990. Print.

Carpenter, Kevin. Penny Dreadfuls and Comics: English Periodicals for Children from Victorian Times to the Present Day. Catalogue of an exhibition held at the Bethnal Green Museum of Childhood. London: Victoria and Albert Museum. 1983. Print.

Chaplin, Charlie. “What People Laugh At”. American Magazine 86 (November 1918): 34 and 134–37. Print.

Chaplin, Charlie. “Exclusive: The Chaplin Story”. An interview conducted by Victor Thompson. Daily Herald. 9–16 September 1957. Print.

Chapman, James. British Comics: A Cultural History. London: Reaktion Books. 2011. Print.

Chesterton, G. K. “A Defence of Penny Dreadfuls”. The Defendant. London: R. Brimley Johnson. 1901. 8–17. Print.

Chesterton, G. K. “Cockneys and their Jokes”. All Things Considered. 1908. New York: Sheed & Ward. 1956. 9–16. Print.

Clark, Alan and Ashford, David. The Comic Art of Roy Wilson. Tunbridge Wells: Midas Books. 1983. Print.

Clark, Alan. The Comic Art of Reg Parlett. Tunbridge Wells: Golden Fun. 1986. Print.

Clark, Alan. The Children’s Annual: A History and Collector’s Guide. London: Boxtree. 1988. Print.

Clark, Alan. The Best of British Comic Art. London: Boxtree. 1989. Print.

Clark, Alan and Clark, Laurel. Comics: An Illustrated History. London: Green Wood. 1991. Print.

Clark, Alan. Dictionary of British Comic Artists, Writers and Editors. London: The British Library. 1998. Print.

Curtis, Thomas E. “The Humorous Artists of America”. The Strand Magazine 23 (1902): 303–13, 440–47 and 546–55. Print.

Dilnot, George. The Romance of the Amalgamated Press. London: Amalgamated Press. 1925. Print.

Dittmar, Jakob F. Comic-Analyse. Konstanz: UVK Verlagsgesellschaft. 2008. Print.

Eisner, Will. Comics and Sequential Art. 1985. New York and London: W. W. Norton. 2008. Print.

Ferris, Paul. The House of Northcliffe: The Harmsworths of Fleet Street. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 1971. Print.

Free, Marcus. “One Hundred Laughs for One Halfpenny!” Early British Comics and the Investigation of Popular Culture c.1890–c.1902. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Dublin City University. 1990. Photocopy.

Gifford, Denis. Discovering Comics. Princes Risborough: Shire Publications. 1971A. Print.

Gifford, Denis. Stap Me! The British Newspaper Strip. Aylesbury: Shire Publications. 1971B. Print.

Gifford, Denis (ed.). Six Comics of World War One. London: Peter Way. 1972. Print.

Gifford, Denis. The British Comic Catalogue 1874–1974. London: Mansell. 1975A. Print.

Gifford, Denis (ed.). Happy Days! A Century of Comics. London: Jupiter Books. 1975B. Print.

Gifford, Denis (ed.). Penny Comics of the Thirties. London: New English Library. 1975C. Print.

Gifford, Denis (ed.). Victorian Comics. London: Allen & Unwin. 1976. Print.

Gifford, Denis. The International Book of Comics. London: Hamlyn. 1984. Print.

Gifford, Denis. The Complete Catalogue of British Comics. Exeter: Webb & Bower. 1985. Print.

Gifford, Denis. Encyclopedia of Comic Characters. London: Longman. 1987. Print.

Gifford, Denis. Comics at War. London: Hawk Books. 1988. Print.

Gifford, Denis: The Comic Art of Charlie Chaplin. London: Hawk Books. 1989. Print.

Gifford, Denis. Christmas Comic Posters. London: Blossom. 1991. Print.

Gravett, Paul (text) and Stanbury, Peter (design and illustration). Great British Comics: Celebrating a Century of Ripping Yarns and Wizard Wheezes. London: Aurum. 2006. Print.

Gravett, Paul. “From Iky Mo to Lord Horror: Representations of Jews in British Comics”. Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics 1.1 (June 2010): 5–16. Print.

Gravett, Paul (ed.). 1001 Comics You Must Read Before You Die. London: Cassell. 2011. Print.

Haining, Peter. Charlie Chaplin: A Centenary Celebration. London: W. Foulsham & Co. 1989. Print.

Harding, John. Dreaming of Babylon: The Life and Times of Ralph Hodgson. London: Greenwich Exchange. 2008. Print.

Horn, Maurice (ed.). The World Encyclopedia of Comics. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Chelsea House. 1999. Print.

Horrall, Andrew. Popular Culture in London c.1890–1918: The Transformation of Entertainment. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. 2001. Print.

Johnson, Alfred Edwin. Tom Browne R.I. London: Adam & Charles Black. 1909. (Brush, Pen & Pencil Series, vol. 3.) Print.

Kibble-White, Graham. The Ultimate Book of British Comics. London: Allison & Busby. 2005. Print.

King, Graham (text) and Saxby, Ron (design and illustration). The Wonderful World of “Film Fun”: The Comic Anatomy of “Film Fun” 1920–1962. London: Clarkes New Press. 1985. Print.

Kunzle, David. The Early Comic Strip: Narrative Strips and Picture Stories in the European Broadsheet from c.1450 to 1825. Berkeley and London: California University Press. 1973. Print.

Kunzle, David: “The First Ally Sloper: The Earliest Popular Cartoon Character as a Satire on the Victorian Work Ethic”. Oxford Art Journal 8.1 (1985): 40–48. Print.

Kunzle, David. “Marie Duval and Ally Sloper”. History Workshop Journal 21 (1986): 133–40. Print.

Kunzle, David. The History of the Comic Strip: The Nineteenth Century. Berkeley and Oxford: California University Press. 1990. Print.

Kunzle, David. “Busch Abroad: How a German Caricaturist Willy Nilly Helped Launch the New Cheap Comic Magazines in Britain and the United States”. Victorian Periodicals Review 25.3 (1992): 99–108. Print.

Kunzle, David. “Precursors in American Weeklies to the American Newspaper Comic Strip: A Long Gestation and a Transatlantic Cross-breeding”. Forging a New Medium: The Comic Strip in the Nineteenth Century. Ed. Charles Dierick and Pascal Lefèvre. Brussels: VUB University Press. 1998. 159–85. Print.

Lee, Alan J. The Origins of the Popular Press in England 1855–1914. London: Croom Helm. 1976. Print.

Major, John. My Old Man: A Personal History of Music Hall. London: HarperPress. 2012. Print.

McCloud, Scott. Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art. Northampton, Mass.: Tundra. 1993. Print.

McGuirk, Charles J. “Chaplinitis”. Motion Picture Magazine 9.6–7 (July–August 1915): 85–89 and 121–24. Print.

Mitchell, Glenn. The Laurel & Hardy Encyclopedia. London: Batsford. 1995. Print.

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Neuburg, Victor E. The Batsford Companion to Popular Literature. London: Batsford. 1982. Print.

Pennell, Elizabeth. “The Modern Comic Newspaper: The Evolution of a Popular Type”. The Contemporary Review 50 (October 1886): 509–23. Print.

Perry, George (text) and Aldridge, Alan (design and illustration). The Penguin Book of Comics. 1967. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 1971. Print.

Pyle, Hilary. The Different Worlds of Jack B. Yeats: His Cartoons and Illustrations. Blackrock, Co. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. 1994. Print.

Reed, David. The Popular Magazine in Britain and the United States 1880–1960. London: The British Library. 1997. Print.

Riches, Adam. When the Comics Went to War: Comic Book War Heroes. Edinburgh: Mainstream. 2009. Print.

Roberts, Robert. The Classic Slum: Salford Life in the First Quarter of the Century. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 1971. Print.

Sabin, Roger. Adult Comics: An Introduction. London and New York: Routledge. 1993. Print.

Sabin, Roger. Comics, Comix & Graphic Novels. London and New York: Phaidon. 1996. Print.

Sabin, Roger. “Ally Sloper: The First Comics Superstar?” Image [&] Narrative. Posted 7 October 2003. Web.

Sabin, Roger. “Ally Sloper on the Stage”. European Comic Art 2.2 (summer 2009): 205–25. Print.

[Shorter, Clement King]. “Why Vulgarise the Pantomime?” The Sketch 20.260 (19 January 1898): 497–98. Print.

Springhall, John. Youth, Popular Culture and Moral Panics: Penny Gaffs to Gangsta Rap, 1830–1996. Basingstoke: Macmillan. 1998. Print.

Strömberg, Fredrik. Black Images in the Comics: A Visual History. [Seattle, Wa.]: Fantagraphics Books. 2003. Print.

Sweet, Matthew (writer and presenter). “The Chaplin Archive”. BBC Radio 4. Broadcast in two parts on 21 and 28 February 2011. Radio.

Turner, E. S. Boys Will Be Boys: The Story of Sweeney Todd, Deadwood Dick, Sexton Blake, Billy Bunter, Dick Barton, et al. 1948. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 1975. Print.

Turner, John R. What the Press Artist Should Know. London: Pitman & Sons. 1936. Print.

Yorke, Peter. William Haggar (1851–1925): Fairground Film-Maker. Bedlinog: Accent Press. 2007. Print.